Rousseau, Mill, And Constant Essay - 1783 Words

While one might not go as far as to see them as diametrically opposite, they are at the very least distinctively different. Rousseau, Mill, and Constant exhibit a very different view of the modernizing society. This paper seeks to flash out the distinct visions of liberty that Rousseau, Mill, and Constant articulated by unpacking and discerning the central premises of each argument, pitting them against each other through comparing and contrasting. While it may be true that, Jean-Jacques Rousseau central idea in The Social Contract needs little explanation considering how it has been well-expounded upon by many scholars over the past 200 years. Nonetheless, this paper will begin with discussing Rousseau’s key concepts, leading to Constants criticisms, to put into clearer comparison in relation to Rousseau. Although, Rousseau distinguishes two specific types of liberty, natural liberty and civil liberty. Natural liberty, Rousseau states, is the freedom to pursue one s own desires whereas civil liberty is the freedom to pursue the general will. The general will is a key concept in Rousseau s The Social Contract; Rousseau defines the general will as the majority opinion of what is most beneficial to the common interest without any influence from private interest. The first chapter of The Social Contract, opens with the famous phrase: â€Å"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains† (Book II, Chapter I of The Social Contract). TheseShow MoreRelatedRousseau, Mill, And Constant Articulated By Unpacking Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinctively different. Rousseau, Mill, and Constant exhibit a very different view of the modernizing society. This paper seeks to point out the distinct visions of liberty that Rousseau, Mill, and Constant articulated by unpacking the central premises of each argument, pitting them against each other through comparing and contrasting. Rousseau’s Vision of Liberty Although, Rousseau distinguishes two specific types of liberty, natural liberty and civil liberty. Rousseau states, that naturalRead MoreRousseau, Mill, And Constant Articulated By Unpacking Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinctively different. Rousseau, Mill, and Constant exhibit a very different view of the modernizing society. This paper seeks to flash out the distinct visions of liberty that Rousseau, Mill, and Constant articulated by unpacking the central premises of each argument, pitting them against each other through comparing and contrasting. Although, Rousseau distinguishes two specific types of liberty, natural liberty and civil liberty. Natural liberty, Rousseau states, is the freedomRead MoreWhat Have Theorists Meant by Liberty? Essay example1589 Words   |  7 Pagestheir own choices in life. Liberty is not a value that is constant throughout the various societies in the world, citizens of developed Western countries could be described has having considerably more liberty when compared with many of the less developed Arab nations. Theorists have studied the concept of liberty for centuries and there have been a number of different definitions, from people like Machiavelli to more modern theorists like Mill. It is the fundamental value that allows people to makeRead MoreIn Refutation To Locke’S State Of Nature Argument, We Can1450 Words   |  6 PagesIn refutation to Locke’s state of nature argument, we can look towards Hobbes, Rousseau, and Mill to provide us with insightful ob jections. It can be claimed that first society should not have the right to self-determination but instead the right to self preserve, that property rights are social institutions and not inherent natural rights, and finally that not everyone in society is guaranteed property rights. Firstly, Locke believed in a system of justice that was based on freedom, self-governingRead MoreAnalysis Of John Stuart Mill s Veil Of Ignorance And The Classic Social Contract Theory Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesexploration concentrates on three areas of focus. First, this paper seeks to explain how the modern social contract theorist, John Rawls’, attempts to enhance the classic utilitarian views of John Stuart Mill, as well as the classic social contract theories of Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Secondly, this evaluation posits how Rawls’ â€Å"veil of ignorance† and â€Å"difference principle† might apply to the socioeconomic issue of access (or, lack thereof) to health care in the United States. SpecificallyRead More Comparing John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau2026 Words   |  9 PagesComparing John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all dealt with the issue of political freedom within a society. John Lockes â€Å"The Second Treatise of Government†, Mills â€Å"On Liberty†, and Rousseau’s â€Å"Discourse On The Origins of Inequality† are influential and compelling literary works which while outlining the conceptual framework of each thinker’s ideal state present divergent visions of the very nature of man and hisRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1640 Words   |  7 Pageswealthy. However, most of the Third Estate consisted of the extremely poor. One of the primary industries in the Third Estate was the bread industry, which was heavily regulated by the Police. Occupations in this industry range from the bakers, to the mill grinders, to the grain farmers. In addition to the industry being heavily regulated, the prices and market control areas were set by the French Police. Because of this, many bakers did not make a considerable amount of money, and the buyers could notRead More Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau Essay2118 Words   |  9 PagesThomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau developed theories on human nature and how men govern themselves. With the passing of time, political views on the philosophy of government gradually changed. Despite their differences, Hobbes and Rousseau, both became two of the most influential political theorists in the world. Their ideas and philosophies spread all over the world influencing the creation of many new governments. These theorists all recognizeRead MoreShould National Security Ever Override Free Speech?1797 Words   |  8 Pagesis diverging from the State’s interpretation, and I will demonstrate how this diminishes the democratic process in regard to freedom of speech, and freedom of the press in particular. â€Å"[†¦] government is a pretty blunt instrument, and without the constant attention of highly qualified people with the right metrics, it will fall into not doing things very well.† (Gates, 2014) Freedom of speech in Australia is an implied right under the Australian Constitution. There is no express right stated, butRead MoreThe Development of Liberalism throught the Ages1377 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' In this paper, an attempt has been made to capture the journey from classical liberalism and its transformation down the ages. The idea of liberalism originated in Europe with the thoughts of political philosophers like J.S. Mill, Herbert Spencer, John Locke. They were of the opinion that state activities can regulate an individual in so far as it aids towards his self expression and individual action. They also said that states were supposed to help economic transaction by controlling

Symptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia Essay - 1584 Words

Diagnosing psychological disorders has become more prevalent in our society because more people are willing to seek help regardless of the stigma that comes with having a label. This paper will go in depth on the psychotic disorder called Schizophrenia. Like the majority of psychological disorders, we will discuss how a patient is determined to have a mental disorder based on the three criteria based on distress, impairment, and risk of harm. The neuropsychosocial factors that play a crucial role in the development of schizophrenia will be addressed. The causes of schizophrenia include frontal lobe defect, overproduction of dopamine, and genetics which due to a certain degree of stress a person experiences can trigger any of the neuropsychosocial factors making them vulnerable to developing the disorder. We will also look at the kind of symptoms a schizophrenic patient possesses and the therapeutic or medical treatments that they receive in order to achieve a relief of these symptoms . This research paper is meant to provide possible directions for future research on the causes of schizophrenia which is still not entirely known and what treatment would be more effective than medication to provide relief of symptoms since the disorder is incurable. Introduction Schizophrenia is a psychological disorderShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Per MentalHelp.net, schizophrenia is rare with approximately one-percent of the worldwide population and 1.2 percent of the population of the United States suffering from the disease as of 2009. Accurate statistics are difficult to obtain because many sufferers do not seek help. Symptoms typically – but not always – present in teen years with different peak times for females and males. Females have two peak times of vulnerability – mid- to late twenties and again around 40 – whereasRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1108 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought, cognitive impairment, and mood symptoms. Hallucinations may include hearing voices (auditory hallucinations) or seeing people (visual hallucinations) that are not actually present. Patient also often have â€Å"negative† findings such as decreased energy, flat affect, and a lack of interest. These symptoms must typically be present for at least 6 months andRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1060 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is a well-known emotional and mental disorder that causes hallucinations, and paranoid and delusional behaviour (Hoffer, 2004). In contrast to many other diseases, schizophrenia is mostly due to genetics and influenced by the environment. People who suffer from this disorder usually cannot differentiate from the imaginative world from the real one. Schizophrenia is often a result of stress and develops gradually (DeLisi, 2011). It is therefore, essential to start earlyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with them. Although there are many neurological diseases, schizophrenia is one of them. Schizophrenia is one of the more known disorders in the psychological world. Throughout this paper the following questions are answered: what is schizophrenia, what are the causes of schizophrenia, what are some of the types of schizophrenia, and what are the treatment options for those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder and is chronic and severe to those thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Schizophrenia1205 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia Roughly 2.5 Million Americans have been diagnosed with a chronical brain disorder known as Schizophrenia. Most people believe schizophrenia causes people to have split personalities, but that’s not the case. The illness called Schizophrenia causes a person to hallucinate, hear voices that others can’t hear, make people believe that they are being watched, and the belief somebody is out to harm them. (Mental Health America 2015) In this paper I will write about the prevalence, whatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1011 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a mental disorder that consists of hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and thought. â€Å"Schizo† if Greek for Split while â€Å"phrene† means mind; schizophrenia literally translates to split mind (Burton, 2012). Why is schizophrenia considered to be split minded? According to Khouzam, 2012 split mind is used to describe the disruption within the thought process Schizophrenia i s a mental disorder that has subcategories that include paranoia, catatonia, disorganized, residual andRead MoreSymptoms, And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1413 Words   |  6 PagesOverview, Symptoms, and Treatment for Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is affecting people’s lives every day. There isn’t a cure for this disorder and it is lifelong. Schizophrenia can affect a person’s thoughts, emotions, and actions. People with this disorder can have a hard time figuring out what is real and what isn’t real. A common side effect to schizophrenia is hallucinations and delusions. Another common side effect is social withdrawal, which means that they avoid socialRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia843 Words   |  4 PagesPeople who suffered from schizophrenia were once mistaken to be â€Å"dangerous† and untreatable. For this reason, they were often institutionalized and removed from society (DiRocco). The causes of this mental psychotic disorder has been much more understood over the past decade resulting in the possibility for people with schizophrenia to live more average lives. Development of treatments, such as medication and various forms of psychotherapies, have been effective in treating symptoms and common comorbidRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1058 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is defined as â€Å"a brain disorder that affects the way a person behaves, thinks, and sees the world.†(Melinda Smith, Jeanne Segal). Schizophrenia is treatable but incurable, and is present in one percent of the general population. Some people with schizophrenia can function normally without the help of medicines, while others must rely on medications. The disorder can also get so severe that an individual may need to be hospitalized or worse. The measures needed to treat schizophreniaRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1545 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), is a psychotic disorder that is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behaviour, and other symptoms that cause social or occupati onal dysfunction (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The symptoms of schizophrenia invade every aspect of a person: the way someone thinks, feels, and behaves; which implicates their interpersonal and working relationships. Individuals suffering

Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists. Answer: Introduction: The issues which has been determined in relation to the facts stated in the scenario is that whether on Thursday or Friday a valid contract had been formed between Bob and Toshiba electronics via their agent Mollie. The case of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd [1953] 1 QB 401 is a famous English case which provided a decision in relation to the legal nature of an offer. A Landmark ruling has been made in the case which stated that goods which are displayed in store having an attached price tag do not make it an offer on the part of the store owner instead they are considered as an invitation to offer. In this case the court further signified that the display of goods in itself is not an offer rather when the customers put the goods in the basket and move to the counter of the store to purchase the goods it constitutes an offer which would be either rejected or accepted by the shop owner. Therefore when an invitation to treat is made there is no legal obligation on the part of the party making the treat. In another famous English case of Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204, it was held by the court that any advertisement cannot be considered as a legal offer. This is because if advertisements are considered as legal offers then a person who has advertised in relation to a certain product would have to sell the product to each and every person who makes an acceptance in relation to it. Therefore the plaintiff who made an advertisement for the sale of protected birds in a newspaper was not held guilty by the court as his advertisement never constituted a legally valid offer. An offer can be accepted by any person who the offeror had the intention of making the offer. A person to whom the offer has not been made cannot accept the offer. Further in the case of Byrne Co v Leon Van Tien Hoven Co [1880] 5 CPD 344 it had been stated by the court that an offer can only be accepted before it has been revoked by the person making it. Revocation of an offer means letting the offeree known that the offer is no longer interested in going forward with the terms of the offer. However this case also signifies that until and unless the revocation has actually been received by the offeree though it is not valid. In addition the Court ruled in the case of Ramsgate Victoria Hotel v Montefoire (1866) LR 1 Ex 109 that an offer can elapse by time and until the time stated by the offer has elapsed and no revocation has been made it has the capacity of being accepted by the person to whom it has been made. In the case of Hyde v Wrench (1840) 49 ER 132 the court made it clear that and acceptance has to be unequivocal. If the acceptance does not comply with the terms of the offer or it is not the mirror image of the terms of the offer it cannot be a valid acceptance. Any manipulation of the original offer terms makes the acceptance a counter offer. The court also signified in this case that counter offer brings the original offer to an end. In the given situation it has been provided that and advertisement has been made by Toshiba electronics pty Limited who is a vendor of electronic equipments that they are going to offer 75 inches Sony Bravia LED televisions only at a price of $3,500. In response to the advertisement Bob went to the nearest store next day in order to purchase the television. As soon as he met the manager of the store he informed him that he accepts the offer of Sony Bravia LED television which had been advertised. However the manager told him to slow down as the stock has been sold out because of the rush. In the given situation it has to be analysed that whether a valid offer has been made by Toshiba Electronics pty Limited or not. In the above discussed case of Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204 it had been ruled by the court that f advertisements are considered as legal offers then a person who has advertised in relation to a certain product would have to sell the product to each and every pe rson who makes an acceptance in relation to it. In the same way if the principles of this case are applied in the present situation it can be stated that if the advertisement which had been made by Toshiba electronics would be considered as an offer then Toshiba electronics would be liable to sell the television to any number of person who accept the offer even if they do not have the number of required televisions. Therefore through the application of the above discussed provisions in the given circumstances it can be stated that there has been only an invitation to treat made by Toshiba electronics and not a valid offer. Where there has only been an invitation to treat there is no legal liability which Toshiba electronics have. Further through the application of the Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists case which stated that when the customers put the goods in the basket and move to the counter of the store to purchase the goods it constitutes an offer which would be eit her rejected or accepted by the shop owner, It can be evidently said that Bob is the one who has made the offer in the given situation and it is up on the shopkeeper or its manager to decide whether to accept or reject the offer. Therefore through the applications of rules relating to contract law it is clear that no contract had been formed between bob and Toshiba electronics on Thursday. Further an offer has been made by the manager of Toshiba electronics that she is willing to sell a demonstration model of the same television to Bob at a price of$2,000. However as Bob was not sure about the deal he said that he is going to think about it. Further it has been stated by the sale manager that she would keep the set aside for him till Friday only if he provided her with a$10 booking money. However as Bob was unsure that arrangements had been refused by him. He also stated to the manager that he will let her know by Friday. Through the application of Hyde v Wrench is where it was ruled by the court that an offer comes to an end once it has been rejected through the counter offer it can be clearly stated that the refusal of Bob to agree with the arrangement and provide his own time of acceptance in relation to the offer resulted in a counter offer. Therefore the offer which had been made by the manager of selling him the demonstration model at a price of $2,000 was ended as soon as Bob refused to agree with the arrangements. The television had been sold by the manager to another person next day at a price of $2,500. It has been provided by the scenario that Bob made an attempt to accept the offer made by the manager on Thursday at 10:30 a.m. on Friday. However, as discussed above as the offer had already come to an end when the arrangements had been refused by Bob there is no obligation which the manager has in relation to selling the television to Bob. Therefore in the given situation there has not been any contract form between Bob and Toshiba electronics either on Thursday or on Friday. There has been no contract form between bob and Toshiba electronics either on Thursday or on Friday. References Byrne Co v Leon Van Tien Hoven Co [1880] 5 CPD 344 Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd [1953] 1 QB 401 Hyde v Wrench (1840) 49 ER 132 Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204 Ramsgate Victoria Hotel v Montefoire (1866) LR 1 Ex 109

My Gift To You The World Essays - My Gift To You,

My Gift To You The World My gift to you is somewhat strange, it's hidden and silent, alone and unheard, but it still lives beneath the darkened sun, it's love and hope and joy and sight, it's knowing what's right and wrong, it cried for life, and I heard it cry, I've tried to lift its spirits high, to let other people wonder of its glow, its burn for eternal happiness, our burn for eternal peace. To give these it's hard, to respect them it's harder, I've watched others, and seen them turn inside out, lying through the pain of their gritted teeth, do they know of love? can they feel the hope? have they ever cried silent tears? I myself have cried those silent tears, alone and scared and silent, my pain was great, my anger uncontrollable, can you feel my hardship, my hunger of exit to this world? to have materials and possessions, I could never have used, but to have what I give, perhaps I could have coped, and that time would now be forgotten, so now I give, what I want in return, I give the golden rule. I've tried to lead others to peace as is I, but for this you need their total trust, and they would not risk it all, so the act of good came to a stop, and my hope was just left hanging, now I still give, and I do with all my heart, I bring a gift to everyone, to make sure I please the sun, but after the deed I always feel loved, and I realize once again, "To give is to be born, nd to receive is to remember.